Colon Polyp Overview
Polyp refers to the abnormal growth of cells that originates from the soft tissues that form the lining of different organs. These are commonly seen in organs such as nose, bladder, ovary and the colon. Polyps may be cancerous (wherein it is referred to as malignant) or non-cancerous (non-malignant). In most of the cases colon polyps are of the non-cancerous type. Colon polyps are more commonly noted in adults above the age of 50 years.
What You Should Know About Colon Polyps
Colon polyp is considered as an important diagnosis for two reasons. One, it may become cancerous at some point of time and two; it may be an early sign of cancer of the colon. Further, it may cause some symptoms such as pain in the abdomen, blood in the stools and altered bowel habits.
Are You At Risk?
You are at an increased risk of developing colon polyps if:
- You are older than 50 years
- Some of your family member had colon polyp or colon cancer
- You have had colon polyps earlier
- You smoke, drink alcohol excessively, or do not exercise regularly
- You are overweight or obese
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Colon Polyp?
In most of the cases colon polyps do not bother you. In some cases it may be associated with symptoms such as bleeding from the rectum which results in bloody stool. Blood in the stool may be recognized by stools that are blackened or have red streaks in between. You may feel cramping pain in the abdomen. Colon polyps may at times cause obstruction of the colon leading to constipation. The constipation may last for more than a week in some instances. In other cases, colon polyp may be characterized by diarrhea (loose, watery stools). Very rarely, you may notice a polyp dangling down from the anus.
How are Colon Polyps Diagnosed?
Colon polyps are diagnosed in a number of ways including physical examination and laboratory tests. During the physical examination the doctor inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to feel for the polyp. The specialized laboratory tests generally include:
- stool test (for detection of blood),
- flexible sigmoidoscopy (involves viewing of the colon with a tube like device fitted with camera),
- barium enema (a liquid containing barium is introduced into the rectum and X-ray pictures of the abdomen are taken),
- colonoscopy (a process similar to sigmoidoscopy; this can also be used to remove small colon polyps) and
- CT colonography (CT scanning of the colon).
These tests are also advised as screening tests for individuals above 50 years
with the risk factors listed before. Periodic screening (may range from once
in a year to once in 5 years) may be advised in individuals with small colon
polyps. Early detection and treatment can prevent the development of colon cancer
from the colon polyps.
How are Colon Polyps Treated?
Colon polyps that are small in size are generally removed during the sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy procedure with the help of special apparatus attached to the instruments used in these procedures. Larger polyps may require surgical removal through incisions placed on your abdomen region. This procedure is generally done under anesthesia wherein the whole body becomes numb during the procedure. In some rare instances wherein the whole colon becomes involved and is filled with multiple colon polyps, the entire large intestine may have to be removed. Individuals diagnosed with colon polyps are generally advised to undergo periodic screening to monitor for colon cancers.
Some Tips to Prevent Colon Polyps
- Stop smoking and avoid alcohol consumption
- Eat a balanced diet rich with fruits and vegetables and less fat
- Monitor your weight and exercise regularly
- Undergo screening tests at regular intervals if: you are above 50 years of age; and any of your family member or you yourself had colon polyp or colon cancer.
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